Marketing
Five W's and How
Who, what, where, when, why, and how
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Value Proposition Template
For - target, customer
Who - statement of need, opportunity, state of mind
Our - product, service, category
That - problem and we are the solution
Unlike - closest competitor, must be a legitimate consideration
Our Offer - primary differentiator, "they are good at this and we are good at this"
Get to know your customers
Interviews
Visit customers in their environment
List words and websites they use
Target Persona
Fictional person
Background and demographics
Hobbies
Goals
Needs
Barriers
Give the person a name
Use a picture of what they might look like

Example Target Persona for a bridal boutique.
Female 18 to 34 years old
Lives downtown in the city with fiance
Hobbies: watching movies and TV, taking care of their dog, social media, baking, and yoga
Goals: Get married to my fiance
Needs: I need a wedding dress
Barriers: I have never shopped for wedding gowns before
Name: Eva
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